Wikipedia:CIT

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This page is a how-to guide detailing a practice or process on the English Wikipedia.
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Wikipedia:CITET
Wikipedia:CIT
Wikipedia:CT
See also: WP:Template messages/Cleanup/Verifiability and sources for cleanup request templates, such as "citation needed" and many more.

See also: Handy tools for making references in cite templates: MakeRef, Diberri's template filler, Wikipedia:RefToolbar
Citation templates are used to format citations in a consistent way. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged. Templates may be used or removed at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with other editors on the article. Because templates can be contentious, editors should not add citation templates, or change an article with a consistent citation format to another, without gaining consensus. The various citation templates below may be freely mixed, since they all produce a similar format.

Contents

Use in footnotes

For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags. You can add these by typing at the front of the citation and at the end. Alternatively you may notice above the edit box there is a row of "markup" formatting buttons which include a button to the right - if you highlight your whole citation and then click this markup button, it will automatically enclose your citation in ref tags (i.e. citation').

Note, if this is a new page or if there are not already references previously cited, it is necessary to create a "References" section at the end of the page, thus:
== References ==

or
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
See: Wikipedia style guideline on use of footnotes for more details.

Using the same footnote multiple times

Optionally, one may add the name attribute by using name>details of the citation. Thereafter, the same footnote may be used multiple times by adding name/>. Note that named references begin with instead of the usual . For detailed examples, see Wikipedia:REFNAME.

Using multiple pages from the same source

When an article cites many different pages from the same source, most Wikipedia editors have chosen to use shortened footnotes (see Wikipedia:CITESHORT). An alternative method is to use the template {{rp}}. (See Template:Rp/doc)

Creating links to citations

Wikilinks to citation templates can be created using the templates {{harv}}, {{harvnb}}, {{harvtxt}}, {{sfn}}, etc. For example this "Mumford 1999" links to a citation template below. This is of particular interest for inline citations using parenthetical referencing or when using shortened footnotes.[1] (See the examples below or wikilinks to full references)

Using commas rather than periods

{{ Citation}} creates a citation in the same format as most of the {{Cite ... }} templates, except that the periods are replaced with commas and there is no final period. A complete list of templates that are mimicked by {{citation}} can be found at {{citation/core}}. The parameters separator= and postscript= (available for most templates) can also be used to affect the punctuation.

Examples

See also: Category:Citation templates
Below are examples of how to use various templates to cite a book, encyclopedia, journal, website, comic strip, video and editorial comics, etc.

  • For full description of a template and the parameters which can be used with it — click the template name (e.g. {{Citation}} or {{Cite xxxx}}) in the "template (required)" column of the table below.
  • Required field(s) are indicated in bold
  • Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
  • Following each example is the resulting article text.
For a list of tools that can help create some of the templates below, see: Wikipedia:Citation tools.

Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. For more information, see: Wikipedia:Footnotes.

source template
(required)		 common usage Example 1
article text		 Example 2
article text
book {{cite book}}
title		 
{{Cite book
  | last = 
  | first = 
  | authorlink = 
  | coauthors = 
  | title = 
  | publisher = 
  | date = 
  | location = 
  | pages = 
  | url = 
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | isbn = }}

{{Cite book
  | last = Mumford
  | first = David
  | authorlink = David Mumford
  | title = The Red Book of V…
  | publisher = [[Springer]]
  | location = Berlin
  | date = 1999
  | page = 198
  | doi = 10.1007/b62130
  | isbn = 354063293X }}

Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag . p. 198. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X. 

 
{{Cite book 
  | last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
  | first2 = Jeff | last2 = Grubb
  | first3 =David | last3 = Noonan
  | title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
  | location = Berlin
  | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
  | year= 2001
  | pages = 198-203
  | month = September
  | isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }}

Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001). Manual of the Planes. Berlin: Wizards of the Coast . pp. 198-203. ISBN 0-7869-1850-8. 

{{Citation}} 
{{Citation
  | last = 
  | first = 
  | author-link = 
  | last2 = 
  | first2 = 
  | author2-link = 
  | title = 
  | place = 
  | publisher = 
  | origyear =
  | year = 
  | month=
  | volume = 
  | edition = 
  | chapter =
  | chapterurl =
  | page =
  | pages =
  | url = 
  | archiveurl =
  | archivedate =
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | isbn = }}

{{Citation
  | first = David | last = Mu…
  | author-link = David Mumfo…
  | title = The Red Book of V…
  | place = Berlin
  | publisher = Springer-Verl…
  | year = 1999
  | page = 198
  | doi = 10.1007/b62130
  | isbn = 354063293X }}

Mumford, David (1999), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Berlin: Springer-Verlag , p. 198, doi:10.1007/b62130, ISBN 354063293X 

 
{{Citation
  | last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
  | last2 = Grubb   | first2 = Jeff
  | last3 = Noonan  | first3 = David
  | title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
  | place = Berlin
  | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
  |pages = 198-203
  | date = September 2001
  | year = 2001
  | isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }}

Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001), Manual of the Planes, Berlin: Wizards of the Coast , pp. 198-203, ISBN 0-7869-1850-8 

journal
paper
thesis
dissertation		 {{cite journal}}
Title		 
{{Cite journal
  | last = 
  | first = 
  | authorlink = 
  | coauthors = 
  | title = 
  | journal = 
  | volume = 
  | issue = 
  | pages = 
  | publisher = 
  | location = 
  | date = 
  | url = 
  | issn = 
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | accessdate = }}

{{Cite journal
  | authorlink = Stephen Brey…
  | title = Copyright: A Rejo…
  | journal = UCLA Law Review
  | volume = 20
  | pages = 75–83
  | date = October 1972}}

Breyer, Stephen (October 1972). "Copyright: A Rejoinder". UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83 . 

 
{{Cite journal
  | last1 = Bailey  | first1 = David H.
  | author1-link = David H. Bailey
  | last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
  | author2-link = Peter Borwein
  | last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
  | author3-link = Jonathan Borwein
  | title = The Quest for Pi
  | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
  | volume = 19
  | issue = 1
  | pages = 50–57
  | publisher = Springer-Verlag
  | location = Berlin
  | date = 25 June 1999
  | year = 1999
  | url = http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/...
  | issn =0343-6993 }}

Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter; Borwein, Jonathan M. (25 June 1999). "The Quest for Pi". Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57 . ISSN 0343-6993. http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf. 

{{Citation}}
journal (or periodical)		 
{{Citation
  | last = 
  | first = 
  | author-link = 
  | last2 = 
  | first2 = 
  | author2-link = 
  | title = 
  | journal = 
  | volume = 
  | issue = 
  | pages = 
  | date = 
  | origyear =
  | year = 
  | month =
  | url = 
  | archiveurl =
  | archivedate =
  | doi = 
  | id = }}

{{Citation
  | last = Breyer
  | first = Stephen
  | author-link = Stephen Bre…
  | title = Copyright: A Rejo…
  | journal = UCLA Law Review
  | volume = 20
  | pages = 75–83
  | date = October 1972
  | year = 1972 }}

Breyer, Stephen (October 1972), "Copyright: A Rejoinder", UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83  

 
{{Citation
  | last1 = Bailey  | first1 = David H.
  | author1-link = David H. Bailey
  | last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
  | author2-link = Peter Borwein
  | last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
  | author3-link = Jonathan Borwein
  | title = The Quest for Pi
  | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
  | volume = 19
  | issue = 1
  | pages = 50–57
  | publisher = Springer-Verlag
  | location = Berlin
  | date = 25 June 1999
  | year = 1999
  | url = http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/...
  | issn =0343-6993 }}

Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter; Borwein, Jonathan M. (25 June 1999), "The Quest for Pi", Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57 , ISSN 0343-6993, http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf 

website {{cite web}}
title
url		 
{{Cite web
  | last = 
  | first = 
  | authorlink = 
  | coauthors = 
  | title = 
  | work = 
  | publisher = 
  | date = 
  | url = 
  | format = 
  | doi = 
  | accessdate = }}

{{Cite web
  | last = Spiegel
  | first = Rachel
  | title = Research: Thalido…
  | url=http://science-educat…
  | accessdate = 30 April 2006 }}

Spiegel, Rachel. "Research in the News: Thalidomide" . http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html. Retrieved 30 April 2006.  

{{Cite web
| title = 
| url = 
| dateformat = mdy
| accessdate = }}
(Write date as Month Day Year; e.g., July 22 2009. Comma will be added automatically.)		 
{{Cite web
  | last = Hansen
  | first = James E.
  | authorlink = James E. Hansen
  | last2 = Ruedy  | first2 = R.
  | last3 = Sato   | first3 = M.
  | last4 = Lo     | first4 = K.
  | title = GISS Surface Temperature An…
  | work =
  | publisher = [[Goddard Institute for…
  | date = December 15, 2005
  | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis…
  | format =
  | doi =
  | accessdate = September 28, 2006 }}

Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (December 15, 2005). "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation". NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies . http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/. Retrieved September 28, 2006. 

{{Citation}}
title
url		 
{{Citation
  | last = 
  | first = 
  | author-link = 
  | last2 = 
  | first2 = 
  | author2-link = 
  | title = 
  | date = 
  | year = 
  | url = 
  | accessdate = }}

{{Citation
  | last = Spiegel
  | first = Rachel
  | title = Research: Thalido…
  | url=http://science-educat…
  | accessdate = 30 April 2006 }}

Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide , http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html, retrieved 30 April 2006 

 
{{Citation
  | last1 = Hansen | first1 = James E.
  | author1-link = James Hansen
  | last2 = Ruedy  | first2 = R.
  | last3 = Sato   | first3 = M.
  | last4 = Lo     | first4 = K.
  | title = GISS Surface Temperature An…
  | publisher = [[Goddard Institute for ...
  | date = December 15, 2005
  | year = 2005
  | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis…
  | accessdate = September 28, 2006 }}

Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (December 15, 2005), GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies , http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/, retrieved September 28, 2006 

comic {{cite comic}}[2]
  • This template allows for a cartoonist field to be used instead of the individual fields if there is a sole creator, as in Bone, or an artist field if the penciller and inker is the same person.
  • The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999.
  • See the talk page for more details and field explanations.
 
{{Cite comic
  | writer=
  | penciller=
  | inker=
  | story=
  | title=
  | volume= 
  | issue= 
  | date=
  | publisher=
  | page= 
  | panel= }}

{{Cite comic
| writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]] 
| penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]] 
| inker=[[Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher]] 
| story=The Fantastic Four! 
| title=[[Fantastic Four|The Fantastic Four]] 
| volume=1 
| issue=1 
| date=November, 1961 
| publisher=[[Marvel Comics]] 
| page=3 
| panel=2 }}

Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Rule, Christopher (i). "The Fantastic Four!" The Fantastic Four 1 (1): 3/2 (November, 1961), Marvel Comics

comic strip {{comic strip reference}}[3] 
{{comic strip reference
  | cartoonist=
  | strip=
  | paper=
  | location=
  | date=
  | supplement=
  | syndicate=
  | page= }}

{{comic strip reference
  | cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton]] 
  | strip=[[Steve Canyon]] 
  | paper=Journal Herald 
  | location=Dayton, OH 
  | date=July 15, 1967 
  | supplement=Color Comics Supplement 
  | syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate 
  | page=1 }}

Caniff, Milton (c). Steve Canyon. Journal Herald (Dayton, OH). July 15, 1967, [Color Comics Supplement], Newspaper Syndicate

 1.
conference
report
or paper		 {{cite conference}}
title
booktitle		 
{{Cite conference
  | first = 
  | last = 
  | authorlink = 
  | coauthors = 
  | title = 
  | booktitle = 
  | pages = 
  | publisher = 
  | date = 
  | location = 
  | url = 
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | accessdate = }}

{{Cite conference
  | first = M.
  | last = Turk
  | authorlink =
  | coauthors = Pentland, A.
  | title = Face recognition …
  | booktitle = Proc IEEE Con…
  | place = Maui, Hawaii
  | pages = 586–591
  | year = 1991 }}

Turk, M.; Pentland, A. (1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Maui, Hawaii . pp. 586–591. 

 
{{Cite conference
  | last1 = Evans    | first1 = N. R.
  | last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
  | last3 = Bond     | first3 = H.
  | last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
  | last5 = Nelan    | first5 = E.
  | last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
  | title = Direct detection of the ...
  | booktitle = American Astronomical Society 207th ...
  | publisher = AAS
  | date = January 9, 2006
  | url = http://www.aas.org/ ... 30.htm }}

Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (January 9, 2006). "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting. AAS . http://www.aas.org/publications/baas/v37n4/aas207/1130.htm. 

{{Citation}} 
{{Citation
  | first = 
  | last = 
  | author-link = 
  | first2 = 
  | last2 = 
  | author2-link = 
  | editor-last = 
  | editor-first = 
  | editor2-last = 
  | editor2-first = 
  | contribution = 
  | contribution-url = 
  | series = 
  | year = 
  | pages = 
  | place = 
  | publisher = 
  | url = 
  | doi = 
  | id = }}

{{Citation
  | last1 = Turk | first1 = M.
  | last2 = Pet… | first2 = A.
  | contribution = Face recog…
  | series = Proc IEEE Confere…
  | place = Maui, Hawaii
  | pages = 586–591
  | year = 1991 }}

Turk, M.; Petland, A. (1991), "Face recognition using eigenfaces", Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Maui, Hawaii , pp. 586–591 

 
{{Citation
  | last1 = Evans    | first1 = N. R.
  | last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
  | last3 = Bond     | first3 = H.
  | last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
  | last5 = Nelan    | first5 = E.
  | last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
  | contribution = Direct detection of …
  | series = American Astronomical…
  | publisher = AAS
  | date = January 9, 2006
  | contribution-url = http://…30.htm }}

Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (January 9, 2006), "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope", American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS , http://www.aas.org/publications/baas/v37n4/aas207/1130.htm 

court case (legal decision) {{cite court}} 
{{Cite court
  |litigants = 
  |vol = 
  |reporter = 
  |opinion = 
  |pinpoint = 
  |court = 
  |date = 
  |url= }}

{{Cite court
  |litigants=Roe v. Wade
  |vol=410
  |reporter=U.S.
  |opinion=113
  |pinpoint=
  |court=
  |date=1973
  |url=http://www.law.corn… }}

Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).

encyclopedia {{cite encyclopedia}}
Title
encyclopedia		 
{{Cite encyclopedia
  | title = 
  | encyclopedia = 
  | volume = 
  | pages = 
  | publisher = 
  | date = 
  | id = 
  | accessdate = }}

{{Cite encyclopedia
  | title = Kirkegaard…
  | encyclopedia = Grote Winkler Pri…
  | editor-last = Winkler Pri…
  | editor-first = Anthony
  | editor-link = Anthony Win…
  | volume = 9
  | publisher = Elsevier
  | year = 1882 }}

Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed (1882). "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins. 9. Elsevier . 

 
{{Cite encyclopedia
  | last = Kramer
  | first = Martin
  | authorlink = Martin Kramer
  | editor-last = Boyd
  | editor-first = Kelley
  | title = Bernard Lewis
  | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist…
  | volume = 1
  | pages = 719–720
  | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
  | location = London
  | date = 1999
  | url = http://www.oocities.com/mart… }}

Kramer, Martin (1999). "Bernard Lewis". in Boyd, Kelley. Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing. 1. London: Fitzroy Dearborn . pp. 719–720. http://www.oocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm. 

{{Citation}}
contribution=name of article		 
{{Citation
  | last = 
  | first = 
  | contribution = 
  | year = 
  | title = 
  | editor-last = 
  | editor-first = 
  | volume = 
  | pages = 
  | place = 
  | publisher = 
  | id = }}

{{Citation
  | contribution = Kirkegaard…
  | title = Grote Winkler Pri…
  | editor-last = Winkler Pri…
  | editor-first = Anthony
  | editor-link = Anthony Win…
  | volume = 9
  | publisher = Elsevier
  | year = 1882 }}

Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882), "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund", Grote Winkler Prins, 9, Elsevier  

 
{{Citation
  | last = Kramer
  | first = Martin
  | author-link = Martin Kramer
  | contribution = Bernard Lewis
  | editor-last = Boyd
  | editor-first = Kelley
  | title = Encyclopedia of Historians …
  | volume = 1
  | pages = 719–720
  | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
  | place = London
  | year = 1999
  | contribution-url = http://…is.htm }}

Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn , pp. 719–720, http://www.oocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm 

episode
(television or radio)		 {{cite episode}}
title		 
{{Cite episode
| title        = 
| episodelink  = 
| url          = 
| series       = 
| serieslink   = 
| credits      = 
| network      = 
| station      = 
| city         = 
| airdate      = 
| began        = 
| ended        = 
| season       = 
| seriesno     =
| number       = 
| minutes      = 
| transcript   =  
| transcripturl= }}

{{Cite episode
| title        = BBC-TV Presents: The 2008 World Snooker Championship Live at The Crucible
| episodelink  = BBC Snooker World Championship coverage (2008)
| url          = 
| series       = Wide World of Snooker
| serieslink   = Wide World of Snooker (tv show)
| credits      = Presenters: [[Dennis Taylor]] and [[Clive Everton]]
| network      = [[BBC]]
| station      = [[BBC Two]]
| city         = [[Sheffield]], [[England]]
| airdate      = 2008-04-27
| minutes      = 2:34}}

"BBC-TV Presents: The 2008 World Snooker Championship Live at The Crucible". Presenters: Dennis Taylor and Clive Everton. Wide World of Snooker. BBC. BBC Two, Sheffield, England. 2008-04-27. 2:34 minutes in. 

{{Cite episode
  | title = Duet
  | episodelink = Duet (Stargate Atlant…
  | series = Stargate Atlantis
  | serieslink = Stargate Atlantis
  | airdate = August 5, 2005
  | season = 2
  | number = 4 }}

"Duet". Stargate Atlantis. August 5, 2005. No. 4, season 2.

mailing list {{cite mailing list}}
title
url		 
{{Cite mailing list
  | last = 
  | first = 
  | authorlink = 
  | title = 
  | mailinglist = 
  | date = 
  | url = 
  | accessdate = }}

{{Cite mailing list
  |last=Murdock
  |first=Ian
  |authorlink=Ian Murdock
  |title=Debian GNU/Linux 0.9…
  |mailinglist=debian-announce
  |date=26 October 1995
  |url=http://lists.debian.or…
  |accessdate=20 April 2007 }}

Murdock, Ian (26 October 1995). "Debian GNU/Linux 0.93 Release 6 now available". debian-announce mailing list . http://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/debian-announce-1995/msg00007.html. Retrieved 20 April 2007. 

map {{cite map}}
publisher
title
edition		 
{{Cite map
  |publisher = 
  |title = 
  |url = 
  |edition = 
  |section = 
  |accessdate = }}

{{Cite map
  |publisher=Kansas Departmen…
  |title=Official State Trans…
  |url=http://www.ksdot.org/b… 
  |edition=2005-2006
  |section=F9 
  |accessdate=March 30, 2007 }}

Kansas Department of Transportation. Official State Transportation Map [map], 2005-2006 edition. Section F9. Retrieved March 30, 2007.

 
{{Cite map 
  |publisher=Skelly Oil Company 
  |title=Highway Map of Oklahoma 
  |cartography=Diversified Map Co 
  |edition=1966 
  |section=11C }}

Skelly Oil Company. Highway Map of Oklahoma [map], 1966 edition. Cartography by Diversified Map Co. Section 11C.

news article {{cite news}}
Title		 
{{Cite news 
  | last = 
  | first = 
  | coauthors = 
  | title = 
  | newspaper = 
  | location =
  | pages = 
  | language = 
  | publisher = 
  | date = 
  | url = 
  | accessdate = }}

{{Cite news 
  | last = Finn
  | first = Gary
  | title = What a growing lad needs is...
  | pages = 
  | newspaper = The Independent
  | location = London
  | date = 31 August 1998
  | url = http://www.independent.co.uk...
  | accessdate = }}

Finn, Gary (31 August 1998). "What a growing lad needs is a naughty book, says Blair". The Independent (London) . http://www.independent.co.uk/news/what-a-growing-lad-needs-is-a-naughty-book-says-blair-1175187.html. 

 
{{Cite news 
  | last = Andersen
  | first = David
  | coauthors = Witter, Lameen
  | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO…
  | work = Marine Corps News
  | date = 17 February 2006
  | url = http://www.military.com/Caree…
  | accessdate = 6 June 2006 }}

Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (17 February 2006). "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success". Marine Corps News . http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference. Retrieved 6 June 2006. 

{{Citation}}
newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical)		 
{{Citation
  | last = 
  | first = 
  | author-link = 
  | last2 = 
  | first2 = 
  | author2-link = 
  | title = 
  | newspaper = 
  | pages = 
  | year = 
  | date = 
  | url = 
  | archiveurl =
  | archivedate =
  | accessdate = }}

{{Citation 
  | last = Finn
  | first = Gary
  | title = What a growing lad needs is...
  | pages = 
  | newspaper = The Independent
  | location = London
  | date = 31 August 1998
  | url =http://www.independent.co.uk...
  | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5o2QlSnnD
  | archivedate = 2010-03-06
  | accessdate = }}

Finn, Gary (31 August 1998), "What a growing lad needs is a naughty book, says Blair", The Independent (London) , archived from the original on 2010-03-06, http://www.webcitation.org/5o2QlSnnD 

 
{{Citation
  | last1 = Andersen | first1 = David
  | last2 = Witter   | first2 = Lameen
  | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO…
  | newspaper = Marine Corps News
  | date = 17 February 2006
  | year = 2006
  | url = http://www.military.com/Ca… 
  | accessdate = 2 June 2006 
}}

Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (17 February 2006), "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News , http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference, retrieved 2 June 2006 

newsgroup
posting
(DO NOT
USE TO
VERIFY)		 {{cite newsgroup}}
Title		 
{{Cite newsgroup 
  | title = 
  | author = 
  | date = 
  | newsgroup = 
  | id = 
  | url = 
  | accessdate = }}

{{Cite newsgroup 
  | author = Gary S. Terhune
  | title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del…
  | date = January 11, 2004
  | newsgroup = microsoft.pub…
  | id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2…
  | url = http://groups.googl…
  | accessdate = May 16, 2006 }}

Gary S. Terhune (January 11, 2004). "[news:uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del function on W98, 2nd]". [news:microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion]. (Web link). Retrieved on May 16, 2006. 

{{Cite newsgroup 
  | title = How can helping "Kids in Af…
  | author = Trodel
  | date = June 10, 2006
  | newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.ob…
  | id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g20…
  | url = http://groups.google.com/grou…
  | accessdate = July 3, 2006 }}

Trodel (June 10, 2006). "[news:1149950890.204481.35810@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com How can helping "Kids in Africa" be in my self interest]". [news:humanities.philosophy.objectivism humanities.philosophy.objectivism]. (Web link). Retrieved on July 3, 2006.

patent {{Citation}}
inventor-last		 
{{Citation
 | inventor-last =
 | inventor-first =
 | inventorlink =
 | inventor2-last =
 | inventor2-first =
 | inventorlink2 =
 | publication-date =
 | issue-date =
 | title =
 | country-code =
 | description =
 | patent-number = }}

{{Citation
 | inventor1-last = Degermark
 | inventor1-first = Mikael
 | inventor2-last = Brodnik
 | inventor2-first = Andrej
 | inventor3-last = Carlsson
 | inventor3-first = Svante
 | inventor4-last = Pink
 | inventor4-first = Stephen
 | title = Fast routing lookup system
using complete prefix tree, bit vector,
and pointers in a routing table for
determining where to route IP datagrams
 | issue-date = 2001
 | patent-number = 6266706
 | country-code = US}}
Degermark, Mikael; Andrej Brodnik & Svante Carlsson et al., "Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams", US patent 6266706, issued 2001 
press release {{cite press release}}
Title		 
{{Cite press release
  | title = 
  | publisher = 
  | date = 
  | url = 
  | accessdate = }}

{{Cite press release
  | title = Nature compares W…
  | publisher = The Wikimedia…
  | date = 15 December 2005
  | url = http://en.wikipedia…
  | accessdate = 3 July 2006 }}

The Wikimedia Foundation (15 December 2005). "Nature compares Wikipedia and Britannica". Press release . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_releases/Nature_compares_Wikipedia_and_Britannica. Retrieved 3 July 2006. 

 
{{Cite press release
  | title = HFPA Announces Timetable fo…
  | publisher = [[Hollywood Foreign P…]]
  | date = May 25, 2006
  | url = http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32
  | accessdate = June 13, 2006 }}

Hollywood Foreign Press Association (May 25, 2006). "HFPA Announces Timetable for 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards". Press release . http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32. Retrieved June 13, 2006. 

video
(movie, television production, documentary, etc.)		 {{cite video}}
people
title		 
{{Cite video
  | people = 
  | title = 
  | medium = 
  | publisher = 
  | location = 
  | date = }}

{{Cite video
  | people = Al-Issawi, Omar (Director)
  | title = [http://www.imdb…]
  | medium = Television production
  | publisher = Al-Issawi, Om…
  | location = Lebanon
  | date = 2001 }}

Al-Issawi, Omar (Director). (2001). Harab libnan. [Television production]. Lebanon: Al-Issawi, Omar . 

 
{{Cite video
  | people = Dick Cavett
  | title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock…
  | medium = DVD
  | publisher = Shout Factory
  | date = 2005 }}

Dick Cavett. (2005). The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Icons (1969). [DVD]. Shout Factory . 

video game {{cite video game}}
title
developer		 
{{Cite video game  
  | title = 
  | developer = 
  | publisher = 
  | date = 
  | platform = 
  | version = 
  | level = 
  | language = 
  | isolang = 
  | quote = }}

{{Cite video game
  |title=[[Halo 3]]
  |developer= [[Bungie]]
  |publisher=[[Microsoft Game Studios]]
  |date=September 25, 2007
  |platform=[[Xbox 360]]
  |version=1.0
  |level=The Storm
  |language=English
  |isolang=
  |quote='''Arbiter''': More Brutes? /...

Bungie. Halo 3. (Microsoft Game Studios). Xbox 360, (v1.0). Level/area: The Storm (in English). (September 25, 2007) "Arbiter: More Brutes? / Master Chief: Worse."

Harvard reference and shortened footnote examples

See also: Wikipedia:Harvard citation template examples

These templates automatically create a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page. All the following templates are supported: {{citation}} · {{cite book}} · {{cite journal}} · {{cite web}} · {{cite conference}} · {{cite encyclopedia}} · {{cite mailing list}} · {{cite manual}} · {{cite news}} · {{cite press release}} · {{cite arXiv}} · {{cite video}} (an up-to-date list is at Template:Citation/core). To use the links, the template must define "Surname" (or "Last") and "Year" and must include ref=harv.

What to type What it makes
  • Article text.{{sfn|Turner|1851|pp=10-11}} (Shortened footnote template)
  • Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1879|p=289}}
==Notes==
{{ reflist}}
  • Article text.[1]
  • Article text.[2]
Notes
  2. ^Turner 1851, pp. 10-11
  3. #
  4. ^Smith 1879, p. 289
  • {{Harvard citation|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}}
  • {{Harv|Smith|1879|p=289}}
  • {{Harvtxt|Turner|1851}} asserts that ... (author's name part of text)
  • {{Harvnb|Smith|1879}} (no brackets)
  • {{Harv|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|Johnson|2007|pp=88–89}} (multi-author)
Three Harvcol templates are altered to use colons to indicate page numbers. Harvcol templates

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In contrast to parenthetical referencing or shortened footnotes, citations using the footnote system don't require wikilinks of course, as the inline citations in this method simply appear as numbers within the text, linking to a list of full citations (and notes) at the end of the article (like this).
  2. ^ Notes on {{cite comic}}:
  3. ^ Notes on {{comic strip reference}}

External links