List of popes

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Not to be confused with List of Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria.

For a graphical representation of this list, see List of popes (graphical).

Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St. Peter's

The list of popes chronologically lists the men who have been given the title Pope (or Bishop of Rome) by the Catholic Church. While there is actually no official list of popes, the Annuario Pontificio, published every year by the Vatican, contains a list that is generally considered to be the most authoritative. The Annuario Pontificio lists Benedict XVI as the 265th Bishop of Rome. That list is the one given here; it lists 263 men serving 265 pontificates (periods of Papal office), if Pope-elect Stephen is excluded (see below). The difference in these numbers is due to the fact that Benedict IX reigned during three non-consecutive periods between 1032 and 1048.

The term pope (Latin: papa "father", "dad") is used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic Pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head of the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including Papa, Summus Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, and Servus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.^[1]

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was erased. Although these changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include this "first Pope Stephen II". It is probable that this is because they are based on the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia, which is in the public domain. In the year 2001 a rigorous study was made by the Catholic Church into the history of the papacy which "prompted almost 200 corrections to the existing biographies of the popes, from St. Peter to John Paul II."^[2]

Chronological list of popes

1st–5th Centuries

1st Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
30 – 64/67	St. Peter PETRUS	Simon Peter שמעון בן יונה (Shimon ben Yonah) Shimon Kipha CΙΜΗΟΝ ΚΗΦΑC (Simeon Kephas – Simon the Rock)	Bethsaida, Galilea	Disciple of Jesus from whom he received the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, according to Matthew 16:18–19 . Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June, (Chair of Saint Peter) 22 February. Recognized as the first Bishop of Rome (Pope) appointed by Christ, by the Catholic Church. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June.
64/67(?) – 76/79(?)	St. Linus LINUS	Linus	Tuscia (Central Tuscany)	Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.
76/79(?) – 88	St. Anacletus (Cletus) ANACLETUS	Anacletus	Probably Greece	Martyred; feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus^[3]
88/92 – 97	St. Clement I CLEMENS	Clement	Rome	Feast day 23 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November.
97/99 – 105/107	St. Evaristus (Aristus) EVARISTUS	Aristus	Bethlehem, Judea	Feast day 26 October

2nd Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
105/107 – 115/116	St. Alexander I ALEXANDER	Alexander	Rome	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 16 March.
115/116 – 125	St. Sixtus I XYSTUS		Rome or Greece	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
125 – 136/138	St. Telesphorus TELESPHORUS		Greece
136/138 – 140/142	St. Hyginus HYGINUS		Greece	Traditionally martyred; feast day 11 January
140/142 – 155	St. Pius I PIUS		Aquileia, Friuli, Italy	Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July
155 – 166	St. Anicetus ANICETUS		Emesa, Syria	Traditionally martyred; feast day 17 April
c.166 – 174/175	St. Soter SOTERIUS		Fondi, Latium, Italy	Traditionally martyred; feast day 22 April
174/175 – 189	St. Eleuterus ELEUTHERIUS		Nicopoli, Epyrus	Traditionally martyred; feast day 6 May
189 – 198/199	St. Victor I VICTOR		Northern Africa
199 – 217	St. Zephyrinus (Zephyrin) ZEPHYRINUS		Rome

3rd Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Place of birth	Notes
c.217 – 222/223	St. Callixtus I CALLISTUS	Spain	Martyred; feast day 14 October
222/223 – 230	St. Urban I URBANUS	Rome	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 May.
21 July 230 – 28 September 235 (5 years)	St. Pontian PONTIANUS	Rome	First pope with firm dates of office^{[citation needed]}
21 November 235 – 3 January 236 (44 days)	St. Anterus ANTERUS	Greece	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
10 January 236 – 20 January 250 (14 years)	St. Fabian FABIANUS	Rome	Feast day 20 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
6/11 March 251 – June 253 (2 years)	St. Cornelius CORNELIUS		Died a martyr, through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September
25 June 253 – 5 March 254 (256 days)	St. Lucius I LUCIUS	Rome	Feast day 4 March
12 May 254 – 2 August 257 (3 years)	St. Stephen I STEPHANUS	Rome	Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
30/31 August 257 – 6 August 258 (340/341 days)	St. Sixtus II XYSTUS Secundus	Greece	Martyred by beheading. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
22 July 259 – 26 December 268 (9 years)	St. Dionysius DIONYSIUS	Greece	Feast day 26 December
5 January 269 – 30 December 274 (5 years)	St. Felix I FELIX	Rome
4 January 275 – 7 December 283 (8 years)	St. Eutychian EUTYCHIANUS
17 December 283 – 22 April 296 (12 years)	St. Caius CAIUS		Martyred (according to legend) Feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.
30 June 296 – 1 April 304 (7 years)	St. Marcellinus MARCELLINUS		Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

4th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Place of birth	Notes
308 – 309	St. Marcellus I MARCELLUS
c.309 – c.310	St. Eusebius EUSEBIUS
2 July 311 – 10 January 314 (2 years)	St. Miltiades (Melchiades) MILTIADES	Africa	First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great
31 January 314 – 31 December 335 (21 years)	St. Sylvester I SILVESTER	Sant'Angelo a Scala, Avellino	Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. First Council of Nicaea, 325.
18 January 336 – 7 October 336 (263 days)	St. Mark MARCUS	Rome	Feast day 7 October
6 February 337 – 12 April 352 (15 years)	St. Julius I IULIUS	Rome
17 May 352 – 24 September 366 (14 years)	Liberius LIBERIUS		Earliest Pope not yet canonized by the Roman Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.
1 October 366 – 11 December 384 (18 years)	St. Damasus I DAMASUS	Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal	Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Council of Rome, 382. Convinced Emperor Gratian (366) to confer the ancient, pagan title of Pontifex Maximus upon the Bishop of Rome.
11 December 384 – 26 November 399 (14 years)	St. Siricius Papa SIRICIUS		First Bishop of Rome to employ the title "Papa" ("Pope")
27 November 399 – 19 December 401 (2 years)	St. Anastasius I Papa ANASTASIUS

5th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Place of birth	Notes
22 December 401 – 12 March 417 (15 years)	St. Innocent I Papa INNOCENTIUS		Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric
18 March 417 – 26 December 418 (1 year)	St. Zosimus Papa ZOSIMUS
28/29 December 418 – 4 September 422 (3 years)	St. Boniface I Papa BONIFACIUS
10 September 422 – 27 July 432 (9 years)	St. Celestine I Papa COELESTINUS	Rome, Western Roman Empire	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April.
31 July 432 – March/August 440 (8 years)	St. Sixtus III Papa XYSTUS Tertius
29 September 440 – 10 November 461 (21 years)	St. Leo I (Leo the Great) Papa LEO MAGNUS	Rome	Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Feast day 10 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
19 November 461 – 29 February 468 (6 years)	St. Hilarius Papa HILARIUS	Sardinia, Western Roman Empire
3 March 468 – 10 March 483 (15 years)	St. Simplicius Papa SIMPLICIUS	Tivoli, Italy
13 March 483 – 1 March 492 (8 years)	St. Felix III (Felix II) Papa FELIX Tertius (Secundus)	Rome	Sometimes called Felix II
1 March 492 – 21 November 496 (4 years)	St. Gelasius I Papa GELASIUS	Africa
24 November 496 – 19 November 498 (1 year)	Anastasius II Papa ANASTASIUS Secundus
22 November 498 – 19 July 514 (15 years)	St. Symmachus Papa SYMMACHUS	Sardinia

6th–10th Centuries

6th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
20 July 514 – 19 July 523 (8 years)	St. Hormisdas Papa HORMISDUS		Frosinone, Southern Latium, Italy	Father of Pope Silverius
13 August 523 – 18 May 526 (2 years)	St. John I Papa IOANNES		Tuscany
13 July 526 – 22 September 530 (4 years)	St. Felix IV (Felix III) Papa FELIX Quartus (Tertius)		Samnium	Sometimes called Felix III
22 September 530 – 17 October 532 (2 years)	Boniface II Papa BONIFACIUS Secundus		Rome to Ostrogoth parents
2 January 533 – 8 May 535 (2 years)	John II Papa IOANNES Secundus	Mercurius	Rome	First pope to not use personal name. This was due to Mercury being a Roman god.
13 May 535 – 22 April 536 (346 days)	St. Agapetus I (Agapitus) Papa AGAPETUS		Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	Feast days 22 April, 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
1 June 536 – 11 November 537 (1 year)	St. Silverius Papa SILVERIUS			Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Pope Hormisdas
29 March 537 – 7 June 555 (18 years)	Vigilius Papa VIGILIUS		Rome
16 April 556 – 4 March 561 (5 years)	Pelagius I Papa PELAGIUS		Rome
17 July 561 – 13 July 574 (12 years)	John III Papa IOANNES Tertius	Catelinus	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
2 June 575 – 30 July 579 (4 years)	Benedict I Papa BENEDICTUS
26 November 579 – 7 February 590 (10 years)	Pelagius II Papa PELAGIUS Secundus		Rome
3 September 590 – 12 March 604 (13 years)	St. Gregory I, O.S.B. (Gregory the Great) Papa GREGORIUS MAGNUS		Rome	First to formally employ the titles "Servus servorum Dei" and "Pontifex Maximus". Feast day 3 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March.

7th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Place of birth	Notes
13 September 604 – 22 February 606 (1 year)	Sabinian Papa SABINIANUS	Blera
19 February 607 – 12 November 607 (267 days)	Boniface III Papa BONIFACIUS Tertius	Rome
25 August 608 – 8 May 615 (6 years)	St. Boniface IV, O.S.B. Papa BONIFACIUS Quartus	Marsi	First Pope to bear the same name as his predecessor. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
19 October 615 – 8 November 618 (3 years)	Adeodatus I (Deusdedit) Papa ADEODATUS	Rome	Sometimes called Deusdedit, and then Pope Adeodatus II is called Pope Adeodatus without a number
23 December 619 – 25 October 625 (5 years)	Boniface V Papa BONIFACIUS Quintus	Naples
27 October 625 – 12 October 638 (12 years)	Honorius I Papa HONORIUS	Campania, Byzantine Empire
October 638 – 2 August 640 (1 year)	Severinus Papa SEVERINUS	Rome
24 December 640 – 12 October 642 (1 year)	John IV Papa IOANNES Quartus	Zadar, Dalmatia, now Croatia
24 November 642 – 14 May 649 (6 years)	Theodore I Papa THEODORUS	Palestine
July 649 – 16 September 655 (6 years)	St. Martin I Papa MARTINUS	Near Todi, Umbria, Byzantine Empire	Feast Day 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
10 August 654 – 2 June 657 (2 years)	St. Eugene I Papa EUGENIUS	Rome
30 July 657 – 27 January 672 (14 years)	St. Vitalian Papa VITALIANUS	Segni, Byzantine Empire
11 April 672 – 17 June 676 (4 years)	Adeodatus II, O.S.B. Papa ADEODATUS Secundus	Rome, Byzantine Empire	Sometimes called Pope Adeodatus (without a number) when Pope Adeodatus I is called Pope Deusdedit. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
2 November 676 – 11 April 678 (1 year)	Donus Papa DONUS	Rome, Byzantine Empire
27 June 678 – 10 January 681 (2 years)	St. Agatho Papa AGATHO	Sicily	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February.
December 681 – 3 July 683 (1 year)	St. Leo II Papa LEO Secundus	Sicily	Feast day 3 July
26 June 684 – 8 May 685 (317 days)	St. Benedict II Papa BENEDICTUS Secundus	Rome, Byzantine Empire	Feast day 7 May
12 July 685 – 2 August 686 (1 year)	John V Papa IOANNES Quintus	Syria
21 October 686 – 22 September 687 (335 days)	Conon Papa CONON
15 December 687 – 8 September 701 (13 years)	St. Sergius I Papa SERGIUS	Sicily

8th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Place of birth	Notes
30 October 701 – 11 January 705 (3 years)	John VI Papa IOANNES Sextus	Greece
1 March 705 – 18 October 707 (2 years)	John VII Papa IOANNES Septimus	Greece	Second pope to bear the same name as his predecessor
15 January 708 – 4 February 708 (21 days)	Sisinnius Papa SISINNIUS	Syria
25 March 708 – 9 April 715 (7 years)	Constantine Papa CONSTANTINUS	Syria	Last pope to visit Greece until John Paul II in 2001
19 May 715 – 11 February 731 (15 years)	St. Gregory II Papa GREGORIUS Secundus	Rome, Byzantine Empire	Feast day 11 February
18 March 731 – 28 November 741 (10 years)	Gregory III Papa GREGORIUS Tertius	Syria	Third pope to bear the same name as his predecessor
3 December 741 – 14/22 March 752 (10 years)	St. Zachary Papa ZACHARIAS	Greece	Feast day 15 March
23 March 752 – 25 March 752 (Never took office as Pope.)	Pope-elect Stephen Papa Electus STEPHANUS		Sometimes known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election and was never consecrated into the office of Pope as such. Some lists still include his name. The Vatican sanctioned his addition to the list of popes in the sixteenth century, however he was removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
26 March 752 – 26 April 757 (5 years)	Stephen II (Stephen III) Papa STEPHANUS Secundus (Tertius)		Sometimes called Stephen III
29 May 757 – 28 June 767 (10 years)	St. Paul I Papa PAULUS	Rome
1/7 August 767 – 24 January 772 (4 years)	Stephen III (Stephen IV) Papa STEPHANUS Tertius (Quartus)	Sicily	Sometimes called Stephen IV
1 February 772 – 26 December 795 (23 years)	Adrian I Papa HADRIANUS	Rome
26 December 795 – 12 June 816 (20 years)	St. Leo III Papa LEO Tertius	Rome	Crowned Charlemagne Imperator Augustus on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the office of Holy Roman Emperor requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its legitimacy

9th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Place of birth	# years as Pope	Notes
12 June 816 – 24 January 817	Stephen IV (Stephen V) Papa STEPHANUS Quartus (Quintus)		<1	Sometimes called Stephen V
25 January 817 – 11 February 824	St. Paschal I Papa PASCHALIS	Rome	7
8 May 824 – August 827	Eugene II Papa EUGENIUS Secundus	Rome	3
August 827 – September 827	Valentine Papa VALENTINUS	Rome	<1
827 – January 844	Gregory IV Papa GREGORIUS Quartus	Rome	17
January 844 – 7 January 847	Sergius II Papa SERGIUS Secundus	Rome	3
January 847 – 17 July 855	St. Leo IV, O.S.B. Papa LEO Quartus	Rome	8	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
855 – 7 April 858	Benedict III Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius	Rome
24 April 858 – 13 November 867	St. Nicholas I (Nicholas the Great) Papa NICOLAUS MAGNUS	Rome	9
14 December 867 – 14 December 872	Adrian II Papa HADRIANUS Secundus	Rome	5
14 December 872 – 16 December 882	John VIII Papa IOANNES Octavus	Rome	10
16 December 882 – 15 May 884	Marinus I Papa MARINUS	Gallese, Rome	1
17 May 884 – c.September 885	St. Adrian III Papa HADRIANUS Tertius	Rome
885 – 14 September 891	Stephen V (Stephen VI) Papa STEPHANUS Quintus (Sextus)	Rome		Sometimes called Stephen VI
19 September 891 – 4 April 896	Formosus Papa FORMOSUS	Ostia	4	Posthumously ritually executed following the Cadaver Synod
4 April 896 – 19 April 896	Boniface VI Papa BONIFACIUS Sextus	Rome	<1
22 May 896 – August 897	Stephen VI (Stephen VII) Papa STEPHANUS Sextus (Septimus)		1	Sometimes called Stephen VII
August 897 – November 897	Romanus Papa ROMANUS	Gallese, Rome	<1
December 897	Theodore II Papa THEODORUS Secundus	Rome	<1
January 898 – January 900	John IX, O.S.B. Papa IOANNES Nonus	Tivoli, Italy		Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
900 – 903	Benedict IV Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus	Rome

10th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	# years as Pope	Notes
July 903 – September 903	Leo V Papa LEO Quintus		Ardea	<1
29 January 904 – 14 April 911	Sergius III Papa SERGIUS Tertius		Rome	7	"Saeculum obscurum" begins
April 911 – June 913	Anastasius III Papa ANASTASIUS Tertius		Rome	2
July/August 913 – February/March 914	Lando Papa LANDO		Sabina, Italy	<1
March 914 – May 928	John X Papa IOANNES Decimus		Romagna, Italy	14
May 928 – December 928	Leo VI Papa LEO Sextus		Rome	<1
December 928 – February 931	Stephen VII (Stephen VIII) Papa STEPHANUS Septimus (Octavus)		Rome	2	Sometimes called Stephen VIII
February/March 931 – December 935	John XI Papa IOANNES Undecimus		Rome	4
3 January 936 – 13 July 939	Leo VII, O.S.B. Papa LEO Septimus			3	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
14 July 939 – October 942	Stephen VIII (Stephen IX) Papa STEPHANUS Octavus (Nonus)		Germany	3	Sometimes called Stephen IX
30 October 942 – May 946	Marinus II Papa MARINUS Secundus		Rome	3
10 May 946 – December 955	Agapetus II Papa AGAPETUS Secundus		Rome	9
16 December 955 – 14 May 964	John XII Papa IOANNES Duodecimus	Octavian	Rome	8	Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "Saeculum obscurum"
22 May 964 – 23 June 964	Benedict V Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus		Rome	<1	Elected after John XII's death by the people of Rome, in opposition to the Antipope Leo VIII who was appointed by Emperor Otto; Benedict accepted his deposition in 964 leaving Leo as sole pope.
July 964 – 1 March 965	Leo VIII Papa LEO Octavus		Rome	<1	Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. He became the true Pope after Benedict V was deposed
1 October 965 – 6 September 972	John XIII Papa IOANNES Tertius Decimus		Rome	6
19 January 973 – June 974	Benedict VI Papa BENEDICTUS Sextus		Rome, Papal States	1	Deposed and murdered
October 974 – 10 July 983	Benedict VII Papa BENEDICTUS Septimus		Rome	8
December 983 – 20 August 984	John XIV Papa IOANNES Quartus Decimus	Pietro Campanora	Pavia	<1
August 985 – March 996	John XV Papa IOANNES Quintus Decimus		Rome	10
3 May 996 – 18 February 999	Gregory V Papa GREGORIUS Quintus	Bruno of Carinthia	Germany, Holy Roman Empire	2	First German Pope
2 April 999 – 12 May 1003	Sylvester II Papa SILVESTER Secundus	Gerbert d'Aurillac	Auvergne region of France	4	First French Pope

11th–15th Centuries

11th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
June 1003 – December 1003	John XVII Papa IOANNES Septimus Decimus	Siccone	Rome, Papal States
25 December 1003 – July 1009 (5 years)	John XVIII Papa IOANNES DuodeVicesimus	Giovanni Fasano; Phasianus	Rapagnano, Papal States
31 July 1009 – 12 May 1012 (2 years)	Sergius IV Papa SERGIUS Quartus	Pietro Boccapecora	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
18 May 1012 – 9 April 1024 (11 years)	Benedict VIII Papa BENEDICTUS Octavus	Theophylactus II, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
April/May 1024 – 20 October 1032 (8 years)	John XIX Papa IOANNES UndeVicesimus	Romanus, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
1032 – 1044	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	1st Term
1045	Sylvester III Papa SILVESTER Tertius	John, Bishop of Sabina	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Validity of election questioned; considered Anti-Pope; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
1045 – 1046	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	2nd Term; deposed at the Council of Sutri
April/May 1045 – 20 December 1046 (1 year)	Gregory VI Papa GREGORIUS Sextus,	Johannes Gratianus	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Deposed at the Council of Sutri
24 December 1046 – 9 October 1047 (289 days)	Clement II Papa CLEMENS Secundus	Suidger	Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
November 1047 – 1048	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	3rd Term; deposed and excommunicated
17 July 1048 – 9 August 1048 (23 days)	Damasus II Papa DAMASUS Secundus	Poppo	Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire
12 February 1049 – 19 April 1054 (5 years)	St. Leo IX Papa LEO Nonus	Bruno, Count of Dagsbourg	Eguisheim, Swabia, Holy Roman Empire	In 1054, Leo IX and Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius excommunicated each other, beginning the still-existing East-West schism.
13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057 (2 years)	Victor II Papa VICTOR Secundus	Gebhard, Count of Calw, Tollenstein, and Hirschberg	Kingdom of Germany, Holy Roman Empire
2 August 1057 – 29 March 1058 (241 days)	Stephen IX (Stephen X), O.S.B. Papa STEPHANUS Nonus (Decimus)	Frédéric de Lorraine	Duchy of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire	Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
6 December 1058 – 27 July 1061 (2 years)	Nicholas II Papa NICOLAUS Secundus	Gérard de Bourgogne	Château de Chevron, Kingdom of Arles
30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073 (11 years)	Alexander II Papa ALEXANDER Secundus	Anselmo da Baggio	Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire
22 April 1073 – 25 May 1085 (12 years)	St. Gregory VII, O.S.B. Papa GREGORIUS Septimus	Hildebrand	Sovana, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Restricted the use of title "Papa" to the Bishop of Rome. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
24 May 1086 – 16 September 1087 (1 year)	Bd. Victor III, O.S.B. Papa VICTOR Tertius	Desiderio; Desiderius; Dauferius	Benevento, Duchy of Benevento	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
12 March 1088 – 29 July 1099 (11 years)	Bd. Urban II, O.S.B. Papa URBANUS Secundus	Odo of Lagery	Lagery, County of Champagne, France	Started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
13 August 1099 – 21 January 1118 (18 years)	Paschal II, O.S.B. Papa PASCHALIS Secundus	Raniero	Bleda, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

12th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
24 January 1118 – 28 January 1119 (1 year)		Gelasius II, O.S.B. Papa GELASIUS Secundus	Giovanni Coniulo	Gaeta, Principality of Capua	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
2 February 1119 – 13 December 1124 (5 years)		Callixtus II Papa CALLISTUS Secundus	Guido, Comte de Bourgogne	Quingey, County of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empire	Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123
15 December 1124 – 13 February 1130 (5 years)	File:ope honorius ii.jpg	Honorius II, Can.Reg. Papa HONORIUS Secundus	Lamberto Scannabecchi	Fiagnano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno
14 February 1130 – 24 September 1143 (13 years)		Innocent II, Can.Reg. Papa INNOCENTIUS Secundus	Gregorio Papareschi	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular of Lateran; Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139
26 September 1143 – 8 March 1144 (164 days)		Celestine II Papa COELESTINUS Secundus	Guido	Città di Castello, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
12 March 1144 – 15 February 1145 (340 days)		Lucius II, Can.Reg. Papa LUCIUS Secundus	Gerardo Caccianemici dal Orso	Bologna, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca
15 February 1145 – 8 July 1153 (8 years)		Bd. Eugene III, O.Cist. Papa EUGENIUS Tertius	Bernardo da Pisa	Pisa, Republic of Pisa, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Order of Cistercians.
8 July 1153 – 3 December 1154 (1 year)		Anastasius IV Papa ANASTASIUS Quartus	Corrado Demetri della Suburra	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
4 December 1154 – 1 September 1159 (4 years)		Adrian IV, O.S.A. Papa HADRIANUS Quartus	Nicholas Breakspear	Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England	First and only English pope; purportedly granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England. Member of the Order of St. Augustine.
7 September 1159 – 30 August 1181 (21 years)		Alexander III Papa ALEXANDER Tertius	Rolando	Siena, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179
1 September 1181 – 25 November 1185 (4 years)		Lucius III Papa LUCIUS Tertius	Ubaldo	Lucca, Italy, Holy Roman Empire
25 November 1185 – 19 October 1187 (1 year)		Urban III Papa URBANUS Tertius	Uberto Crivelli	Cuggiono, Italy, Holy Roman Empire
21 October 1187 – 17 December 1187 (57 days)		Gregory VIII, Can.Reg. Papa GREGORIUS Octavus	Alberto di Morra	Benevento, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular Premostratense. Proposed the Third Crusade
19 December 1187 – 20 March 1191^[4] (3 years)		Clement III Papa CLEMENS Tertius	Paolo Scolari	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
21 March 1191 – 8 January 1198 (6 years)		Celestine III Papa COELESTINUS Tertius	Giacinto Bobone	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
8 January 1198 – 16 July 1216 (18 years)		Innocent III Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius	Lothario dei Conti di Segni	Gavignano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215. Initiated the Fourth Crusade. Initiated the medieval Inquisition in Spain and Portugal.

13th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
18 July 1216 – 18 March 1227 (10 years)	Honorius III Papa HONORIUS Tertius	Cencio	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Initiated the Fifth Crusade.
19 March 1227 – 22 August 1241 (14 years)	Gregory IX Papa GREGORIUS Nonus	Ugolino dei Conti di Segni	Anagni, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canonized Elisabeth of Hungary, 1235. Initiated the Inquisition in France.
25 October 1241 – 10 November 1241 (17 days)	Celestine IV Papa COELESTINUS Quartus	Goffredo Castiglioni	Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Died before coronation.
25 June 1243 – 7 December 1254 (11 years)	Innocent IV Papa INNOCENTIUS Quartus	Sinibaldo Fieschi	Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the First Council of Lyons, 1245
12 December 1254 – 25 May 1261 (6 years)	Alexander IV Papa ALEXANDER Quartus	Rinaldo dei Conti di Jenne	Jenne, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
29 August 1261 – 2 October 1264 (3 years)	Urban IV Papa URBANUS Quartus	Jacques Pantaléon	Troyes, County of Champagne, France
5 February 1265 – 29 November 1268 (3 years)	Clement IV Papa CLEMENS Quartus	Gui Faucoi	Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, France
29 November 1268 – 1 September 1271 (2 years)	interregnum			Almost 3 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
1 September 1271 – 10 January 1276 (4 years)	Bd. Gregory X Papa GREGORIUS Decimus	Tebaldo Visconti	Piacenza, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the Second Council of Lyons, 1274.
21 January 1276 – 22 June 1276	Bd. Innocent V, O.P. Papa INNOCENTIUS Quintus	Pierre de Tarentaise	County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Dominican Order.
11 July 1276 – 18 August 1276	Adrian V Papa HADRIANUS Quintus	Ottobuono Fieschi	Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire
8 September 1276 – 20 May 1277	John XXI Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Primus	Pedro Hispano	Lisbon, Portugal	Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, there was no John XX. Killed in the collapse of his scientific laboratory
25 November 1277 – 22 August 1280 (2 years)	Nicholas III Papa NICOLAUS Tertius	Giovanni Gaetano Orsini	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
22 February 1281 – 28 March 1285 (4 years)	Martin IV Papa MARTINUS Quartus	Simon de Brion	Meinpicien, Touraine, France
2 April 1285 – 3 April 1287 (2 years)	Honorius IV Papa HONORIUS Quartus	Giacomo Savelli	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
22 February 1288 – 4 April 1292 (4 years)	Nicholas IV, O.F.M. Papa NICOLAUS Quartus	Girolamo Masci	Lisciano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Franciscan Order.
4 April 1292 – 5 July 1294 (2 years)	interregnum			2 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
5 July 1294 – 13 December 1294 (223 days)	St. Celestine V, O.S.B. Papa COELESTINUS Quintus	Pietro da Morrone	Sant' Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily	One of only two popes who abdicated. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
24 December 1294 – 11 October 1303 (8 years)	Boniface VIII Papa BONIFACIUS Octavus	Benedetto Caetani	Anagni, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire

14th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
22 October 1303 – 7 July 1304 (260 days)	Bd. Benedict XI, O.P. Papa BENEDICTUS Undecimus	Niccolò Boccasini	Treviso, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Dominican Order.
5 June 1305 – 20 April 1314 (8 years)	Clement V Papa CLEMENS Quintus	Bertrand de Got	Villandraut, Gascony, France	Pope at Avignon. Convened the Council of Vienne, 1311–1312. Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.
20 April 1314 – 7 August 1316	interregnum			2 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
7 August 1316 – 4 December 1334 (18 years)	John XXII Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus	Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse	Cahors, Quercy, France	Pope at Avignon
20 December 1334 – 25 April 1342 (7 years)	Benedict XII, O.Cist. Papa BENEDICTUS Duodecimus	Jacques Fournier	Saverdun, County of Foix, France	Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians.
7 May 1342 – 6 December 1352 (10 years)	Clement VI, O.S.B. Papa CLEMENS Sextus	Pierre Roger	Maumont, Limousin, France	Pope at Avignon
18 December 1352 – 12 September 1362 (9 years)	Innocent VI Papa INNOCENTIUS Sextus	Étienne Aubert	Les Monts, Limousin, France	Pope at Avignon
28 September 1362 – 19 December 1370 (8 years)	Bd. Urban V, O.S.B. Papa URBABUS Quintus	Guillaume (de) Grimoard	Grizac, Languedoc, France	Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
30 December 1370 – 26 March 1378 (7 years)	Gregory XI Papa GREGORIUS Undecimus	Pierre Roger de Beaufort	Maumont, Limousin, France	Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome; last French Pope
8 April 1378 – 15 October 1389 (11 years)	Urban VI Papa URBANUS Sextus	Bartolomeo Prignano	Naples, Kingdom of Naples	Western Schism
2 November 1389 – 1 October 1404 (14 years)	Boniface IX Papa BONIFACIUS Nonus	Pietro Tomacelli	Naples, Kingdom of Naples	Western Schism

15th Century

^R This pope resigned his office.
^B The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table.

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Start/End of Papacy	Notes
17 October 1404 – 6 November 1406 (2 years)	Innocent VII Papa INNOCENTIUS Septimus	Cosimo Gentile Migliorati	Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples	65 / 67 ^[B]	Western Schism
30 November 1406 – 4 July 1415 (8 years)	Gregory XII Papa GREGORIUS Duodecimus	Angelo Correr	Venice, Republic of Venice	60 / 69 ^[R]^[B]	Western Schism; abdicated during the Council of Constance, which had been called by his opponent John XXIII.
4 July 1415 – 11 November 1417 (2 years)	Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected.
11 November 1417 – 20 February 1431 (13 years)	Martin V Papa MARTINUS Quintus	Oddone Colonna	Genazzano, Papal States	48 / 62 ^[B]	Convened the Council of Basel, 1431
3 March 1431 – 23 February 1447 (15 years)	Eugene IV, O.S.A. Papa EUGENIUS Quartus	Gabriele Condulmer	Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 63 ^[B]	Member of the Augustinian Order. Crowned Sigismund emperor at Rome in 1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred again, to Florence, because of the Bubonic plague.
6 March 1447 – 24 March 1455 (8 years)	Nicholas V Papa NICOLAUS Quintus	Tommaso Parentucelli	Sarzana, Republic of Genoa	49 / 57	Held Jubilee of 1450; crowned Frederick III emperor at Rome in 1452.
8 April 1455 – 6 August 1458 (3 years)	Callixtus III Papa CALLISTUS Tertius	Alfonso de Borgia	Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	76 / 79	First Spanish pope
19 August 1458 – 15 August 1464 (5 years)	Pius II Papa PIUS Secundus	Enea Silvio Piccolomini	Corsignano, Republic of Siena	52 / 58
30 August 1464 – 26 July 1471 (6 years)	Paul II Papa PAULUS Secundus	Pietro Barbo	Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 54	Nephew of Eugene IV Was alleged to have died of a heart attack while in a sexual act with a page.
9 August 1471 – 12 August 1484 (13 years)	Sixtus IV, O.F.M. Papa XYSTUS Quartus	Francesco Della Rovere	Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa	57 / 70	Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel. Authorized an Inquisition targeting converted (Jewish) Christians in Spain, at the request of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand.
29 August 1484 – 25 July 1492 (7 years)	Innocent VIII Papa INNOCENTIUS Octavus	Giovanni Battista Cybo	Genoa, Republic of Genoa	51 / 59 ^[B]	Appointed Tomás de Torquemada
11 August 1492 – 18 August 1503 (11 years)	Alexander VI Papa ALEXANDER Sextus	Rodrigo de Lanzòl-Borgia	Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	61 / 72	Nephew of Callixtus III. Father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in 1493 by the Bull Inter caetera.

16th–20th Centuries

16th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Start/End of Papacy	Notes
22 September 1503 – 18 October 1503 (&9999999999999999.0000000 years, &0000000000000026.00000026 days)	Pius III Papa PIUS Tertius	Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini	Siena, Republic of Siena	64 / 64	Nephew of Pius II
31 October 1503 – 21 February 1513 (&0000000000000009.0000009 years, &0000000000000113.000000113 days)	Julius II Papa IULIUS Secundus	Giuliano Della Rovere	Albisola, Republic of Genoa	59 / 69	Nephew of Sixtus IV; Convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran, 1512. Took effective control of the whole territory of the Papal States for the first time. Proposed plans for rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica
9 March 1513 – 1 December 1521 (&0000000000000008.0000008 years, &0000000000000267.000000267 days)	Leo X Papa LEO Decimus	Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici	Florence, Republic of Florence	37 / 45	Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Excommunicated Martin Luther. Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal.
9 January 1522 – 14 September 1523 (&0000000000000001.0000001 year, &0000000000000248.000000248 days)	Adrian VI Papa HADRIANUS Sextus	Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens	Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (presently The Netherlands)	62 / 64	The only Dutch pope. Last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. The tutor of Emperor Charles V
26 November 1523 – 25 September 1534 (&0000000000000010.00000010 years, &0000000000000303.000000303 days)	Clement VII Papa CLEMENS Septimus	Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici	Florence, Republic of Florence	45 / 56	Cousin of Leo X. Rome plundered by imperial troops ("Sacco di Roma"), 1527. He forbade the divorce of Henry VIII and crowned Charles V Emperor at Bologna in 1530. His niece Catherine de' Medici was married to the future Henry II of France.
13 October 1534 – 10 November 1549 (&0000000000000015.00000015 years, &0000000000000028.00000028 days)	Paul III Papa PAULUS Tertius	Alessandro Farnese	Canino, Lazio, Papal States	66 / 81	Opened the Council of Trent in 1545. His illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma.
7 February 1550 – 29 March 1555 (&0000000000000005.0000005 years, &0000000000000050.00000050 days)	Julius III Papa IULIUS Tertius	Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte	Rome, Papal States	62 / 67
9 April 1555 – 30 April or 1 May 1555 (0 years, 21/22 days)	Marcellus II Papa MARCELLUS Secundus	Marcello Cervini	Montefano, Marche, Papal States	53 / 53	Last to use birth name as Regnal name
23 May 1555 – 18 August 1559 (&0000000000000004.0000004 years, &0000000000000087.00000087 days)	Paul IV, C.R. Papa PAULUS Quartus	Giovanni Pietro Carafa	Capriglia Irpina, Campania, Kingdom of Naples	78 / 83
26 December 1559 – 9 December 1565 (&0000000000000005.0000005 years, &0000000000000348.000000348 days)	Pius IV Papa PIUS Quartus	Giovanni Angelo Medici	Milan, Duchy of Milan	60 / 66	Reopened the Council of Trent, 1562, it concluded its proceedings in 1563
7 January 1566 – 1 May 1572 (&0000000000000006.0000006 years, &0000000000000115.000000115 days)	St. Pius V, O.P. Papa PIUS Quintus	Michele Ghislieri	Bosco, Duchy of Milan	61 / 68	Member of the Dominican Order. Excommunicated Elizabeth I of England, 1570. Victory of Lepanto 1571
13 May 1572 – 10 April 1585 (&0000000000000012.00000012 years, &0000000000000332.000000332 days)	Gregory XIII Papa GREGORIUS Tertius Decimus	Ugo Boncompagni	Bologna, Papal States	70 / 83	Reform of the calendar 1582
24 April 1585 – 27 August 1590 (&0000000000000005.0000005 years, &0000000000000125.000000125 days)	Sixtus V, O.F.M. Conv. Papa XYSTUS Quintus	Felice Peretti	Grottammare, Marche, Papal States	63 / 68	Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order.
15 September 1590 – 27 September 1590 (&9999999999999999.0000000 years, &0000000000000012.00000012 days)	Urban VII Papa URBANUS Septimus	Giovanni Battista Castagna	Rome, Papal States	69 / 69	Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation.
5 December 1590 – 15/16 October 1591 (0 years, 314/315 days)	Gregory XIV Papa GREGORIUS Quartus Decimus	Niccolò Sfondrati	Somma Lombardo, Duchy of Milan	55 / 56
29 October 1591 – 30 December 1591 (&9999999999999999.0000000 years, &0000000000000062.00000062 days)	Innocent IX Papa INNOCENTIUS Nonus	Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti	Bologna, Papal States	72 / 72
30 January 1592 – 3 March 1605 (&0000000000000013.00000013 years, &0000000000000032.00000032 days)	Clement VIII Papa CLEMENS Octavus	Ippolito Aldobrandini	Fano, Marche, Papal States	55 / 69

17th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Start/End of Papacy	Notes
1 April 1605 – 27 April 1605 (&9999999999999999.0000000 years, &0000000000000026.00000026 days)	Leo XI Papa LEO Undecimus	Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici	Florence, Duchy of Florence	69 / 69
16 May 1605 – 28 January 1621 (&0000000000000015.00000015 years, &0000000000000257.000000257 days)	Paul V Papa PAULUS Quintus	Camillo Borghese	Rome, Papal States	52 / 68	Known for building projects, including the facade of St. Peter's Basilica.
9 February 1621 – 8 July 1623 (&0000000000000002.0000002 years, &0000000000000149.000000149 days)	Gregory XV Papa GREGORIUS Quintus Decimus	Alessandro Ludovisi	Bologna, Papal States	67 / 69
6 August 1623 – 29 July 1644 (&0000000000000020.00000020 years, &0000000000000358.000000358 days)	Urban VIII Papa URBANUS Octavus	Maffeo Barberini	Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	55 / 76	Trial against Galileo Galilei
15 September 1644 – 7 January 1655 (&0000000000000010.00000010 years, &0000000000000114.000000114 days)	Innocent X Papa INNOCENTIUS Decimus	Giovanni Battista Pamphilj	Rome, Papal States	70 / 80
7 April 1655 – 22 May 1667 (&0000000000000012.00000012 years, &0000000000000045.00000045 days)	Alexander VII Papa ALEXANDER Septimus	Fabio Chigi	Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	56 / 68
20 June 1667 – 9 December 1669 (&0000000000000002.0000002 years, &0000000000000172.000000172 days)	Clement IX Papa CLEMENS Nonus	Giulio Rospigliosi	Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	67 / 69
29 April 1670 – 22 July 1676 (&0000000000000006.0000006 years, &0000000000000084.00000084 days)	Clement X Papa CLEMENS Decimus	Emilio Altieri	Rome, Papal States	79 / 86
21 September 1676 – 11/12 August 1689 (12 years, 324/325 days)	Bd. Innocent XI Papa INNOCENTIUS Undecimus	Benedetto Odescalchi	Como, Duchy of Milan	65 / 78
6 October 1689 – 1 February 1691 (&0000000000000001.0000001 year, &0000000000000118.000000118 days)	Alexander VIII Papa ALEXANDER Octavus	Pietro Vito Ottoboni	Venice, Republic of Venice	79 / 80
12 July 1691 – 27 September 1700 (&0000000000000009.0000009 years, &0000000000000077.00000077 days)	Innocent XII Papa INNOCENTIUS Duodecimus	Antonio Pignatelli	Spinazzola, Kingdom of Naples	76 / 85
23 November 1700 – 19 March 1721 (&0000000000000020.00000020 years, &0000000000000116.000000116 days)	Clement XI Papa CLEMENS Undecimus	Giovanni Francesco Albani	Urbino, Marche, Papal States	51 / 71	Chinese Rites controversy

18th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Start/End of Papacy	Notes
8 May 1721 – 7 March 1724 (&0000000000000002.0000002 years, &0000000000000304.000000304 days)	Innocent XIII Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius Decimus	Michelangelo de’ Conti	Poli, Lazio, Papal States	65 / 68
29 May 1724 – 21 February 1730 (&0000000000000005.0000005 years, &0000000000000268.000000268 days)	Benedict XIII, O.P. Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius Decimus	Pierfrancesco Orsini	Gravina in Puglia, Kingdom of Naples	75 / 81	Member of the Dominican Order.
12 July 1730 – 6 February 1740 (&0000000000000009.0000009 years, &0000000000000209.000000209 days)	Clement XII Papa CLEMENS Duodecimus	Lorenzo Corsini	Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	78 / 87
17 August 1740 – 3 May 1758 (&0000000000000017.00000017 years, &0000000000000259.000000259 days)	Benedict XIV Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus Decimus	Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini	Bologna, Papal States	65 / 83
6 July 1758 – 2 February 1769 (&0000000000000010.00000010 years, &0000000000000211.000000211 days)	Clement XIII Papa CLEMENS Tertius Decimus	Carlo della Torre Rezzonico	Venice, Republic of Venice	65 / 75
19 May 1769 – 22 September 1774 (&0000000000000005.0000005 years, &0000000000000126.000000126 days)	Clement XIV, O.F.M. Conv. Papa CLEMENS Quartus Decimus	Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli	Sant' Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States	63 / 68	Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Suppressed the Jesuit Order.
15 February 1775 – 29 August 1799 (&0000000000000024.00000024 years, &0000000000000195.000000195 days)	Pius VI Papa PIUS Sextus	Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi	Cesena, Papal States	57 / 81	Condemned the French Revolution and was expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death.
14 March 1800 – 20 August 1823 (&0000000000000023.00000023 years, &0000000000000159.000000159 days)	Pius VII, O.S.B. Papa PIUS Septimus	Barnaba Chiaramonti	Cesena, Papal States	57 / 81	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Present at Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of the French. Temporarily expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814.

19th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Start/End of Papacy	Notes
28 September 1823 – 10 February 1829 (&0000000000000005.0000005 years, &0000000000000135.000000135 days)	Leo XII Papa LEO Duodecimus	Count Annibale Sermattei della Genga	Genga or Spoleto, Papal States	63 / 68
31 March 1829 – 1 December 1830 (&0000000000000001.0000001 year, &0000000000000245.000000245 days)	Pius VIII Papa PIUS Octavus	Francesco Saverio Castiglioni	Cingoli, Marche, Papal States	67 / 69
2 February 1831 – 1 June 1846 (&0000000000000015.00000015 years, &0000000000000119.000000119 days)	Gregory XVI, O.S.B. Cam. Papa GREGORIUS Sextus Decimus	Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari	Belluno, Republic of Venice	65 / 80	Member of the Camaldolese Order. The last non-bishop to be elected
16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878 (&0000000000000031.00000031 years, &0000000000000236.000000236 days)	Bd. Pius IX, O.F.S. Papa PIUS Nonus	Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti	Senigallia, Marche, Papal States	54 / 85	Opened First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy. Longest serving pope in history (see note on St. Peter.)
20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903 (&0000000000000025.00000025 years, &0000000000000150.000000150 days)	Leo XIII, O.F.S. Papa LEO Tertius Decimus	Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci	Carpineto Romano, Rome département, French Empire (now Italy)	67 / 93	Laid down the seeds of Catholic social teaching through his encyclical, Rerum Novarum (On Capital and Labor) and supported Christian democracy as against communism; he is the third-longest reigning pope after Pius IX (reigned for 31 years) and John Paul II (reigned for 26 years)

20th Century

Pontificate	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Start/End of Papacy	Notes
4 August 1903 – 20 August 1914 (&0000000000000011.00000011 years, &0000000000000016.00000016 days)	St. Pius X, O.F.S. Papa PIUS Decimus	Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto	Riese, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire	68 / 79	Encouraged and expanded reception of Holy Communion. Most recent pope to be Canonized.
3 September 1914 – 22 January 1922 (&0000000000000007.0000007 years, &0000000000000141.000000141 days)	Benedict XV, O.F.S. Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus Decimus	Giacomo Della Chiesa	Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia	59 / 67	Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. He is remembered by Pope Benedict XVI as "prophet of peace".
6 February 1922 – 10 February 1939 (&0000000000000017.00000017 years, &0000000000000004.0000004 days)	Pius XI, O.F.S. Papa PIUS Undecimus	Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti	Desio, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire	64 / 81	Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy, establishing the Vatican City as a sovereign state.
2 March 1939 – 9 October 1958 (&0000000000000019.00000019 years, &0000000000000221.000000221 days)	Ven. Pius XII, O.F.S. Papa PIUS Duodecimus	Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli	Rome, Italy	63 / 82	Invoked papal infallibility in encyclical Munificentissimus Deus.
28 October 1958 – 3 June 1963 (&0000000000000004.0000004 years, &0000000000000218.000000218 days)	Bd. John XXIII, O.F.S. Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius	Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli	Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Italy	76 / 81	Opened Second Vatican Council; sometimes called "Good Pope John".
21 June 1963 – 6 August 1978 (&0000000000000015.00000015 years, &0000000000000046.00000046 days)	Servant of God Paul VI Papa PAULUS Sextus	Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini	Concesio, Brescia, Italy	65 / 80	The last pope to be crowned with the Papal Tiara. First pope to travel to the United States. Concluded Second Vatican Council.
26 August 1978 – 28 September 1978 (&9999999999999999.0000000 years, &0000000000000033.00000033 days)	Servant of God John Paul I Papa IOANNES PAULUS Primus	Albino Luciani	Forno di Canale, Veneto, Italy	65 / 65	First pope to use 'the First' in regnal name. First pope with two names, for his two immediate predecessors. Died early into a charismatic reign.
16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005 (&0000000000000026.00000026 years, &0000000000000168.000000168 days)	Ven. John Paul II, O.C.D.S. Papa IOANNES PAULUS Secundus Magnus	Karol Józef Wojtyła	Wadowice, Poland	58 / 84	First Polish pope and first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Canonized more saints than all predecessors. Traveled extensively. Longest serving pope since Pius IX (1846–1878) and 2nd longest serving pope to date (see note on St. Peter. )

21st Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal (Latin)	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Start/End of Papacy	Notes
19 April 2005 – present (&0000000000000005.0000005 years, &0000000000000133.000000133 days)		Benedict XVI Papa BENEDICTUS Sextus Decimus	Joseph Alois Ratzinger	Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany	78 / -	First German pope since Stephen IX in 1057. Oldest to become pope since Clement XII in 1730.

Religious orders

33 popes have been members of religious orders. These have included:

Benedictines (17):-
- Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Gelasius II, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII
and including Camaldolese (1):-
- Gregory XVI
Augustinians (6):-
- Adrian IV, Eugene IV
and including Canons Regular (4):-
- Honorius II, Innocent II, Lucius II, Gregory VIII
Dominicans (4):-
- Innocent V, Benedict XI, Pius V, Benedict XIII
Franciscans (4):-
- Nicholas IV, Sixtus IV
and including Conventual Franciscans (2):-
- Sixtus V, Clement XIV
Cistercians (2):-
- Eugene III, Benedict XII

Notes on numbering of popes

A number of anomalies in the list given above need further explanation:

Felix II (356–357), Boniface VII (974, 984–985), John XVI (997–998), Benedict X (1058–1059) and Alexander V (1409–1410) are not listed because they are considered Antipopes.^[5]
The numbering of popes named Felix has been amended to omit antipope Felix II. However, most lists still call the last two Felixes Felix III and Felix IV. Additionally, there was an antipope Felix V.^[5]
There has never been a pope John XX as a result of confusion of the numbering system in the 11th century.^[6]
Pope-elect Stephen, who died before being consecrated, has not been on the Vatican's official list of popes since 1961, but appears on lists dating from before 1960.^[6] The numbering of following popes called Stephen are nowadays given as Pope Stephen II to Pope Stephen IX, rather than Stephen III to Stephen X.
When Simon de Brion became pope in 1281, he chose to be called Martin. At that time, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and Martin III respectively, and so, erroneously, Simon de Brion became Pope Martin IV.^[7]
Pope Donus II, said to have reigned about 974, never existed. The belief resulted from the confusion of the title dominus (lord) with a proper name. (Pope Joan also probably never existed; however, legends about her may have originated from stories about the Pornocracy.)^[8]
The status of Antipope John XXIII was uncertain for hundreds of years, and was finally settled in 1958 when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli announced his own name as John XXIII. Baldassare Cossa, who was Antipope John XXIII, served as a Cardinal of the reunited church before his death in 1419 and his remains are found in the Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence).

References

Specific

Paschal Robinson (1913). "Antipope". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company . http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Antipope.

Paschal Robinson (1913). "Chronological Lists of Popes". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company . http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Chronological_Lists_of_Popes.

Paschal Robinson (1913). "Pope Martin IV". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company . http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Pope_Martin_IV.

Paschal Robinson (1913). "Popess Joan". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company . http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Popess_Joan.

^ [1] Papal Primacy of honour: titles and insignia.
^ "Corrections Made to Official List of Popes". ZENIT. 2001-06-05. http://www.zenit.org/article-1597?l=english. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
^ The fourth pope Discussed in the article on Clement I
^ For the dates of death of Clement III and the election of Celestine III see Katrin Baaken: Zu Wahl, Weihe und Krönung Papst Cölestins III. Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters Volume 41 / 1985, pp. 203–211
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General

John N.D. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, Oxford University Press, 1986.
AA.VV., Enciclopedia dei Papi, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.
Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, I Papi. Venti secoli di storia, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.

External links